Chelonus risorius

Chelonus risorius

authorReinhard, 1867

synonyms

body

shape5.5mm. [R2]. ♂ 4.0mm, ♀ 3.8mm [TL]. ♀ 4.2mm [P3]. 3.4 - 5.5 mm. [M]. ♂: 3.5 - 4.0mm [T4][T14]. 5-6 mm [Te1].

colorBlack [R2].

head

shapeHead in dorsal view (Fig. 2) transverse, twice as broad as long, eye a bit shorter than temple, temple rounded, occiput excavated. Ocelli far from each other, hind imaginary tangent to fore ocellus clearly before hind pair of ocelli, OOL 1.2-1.3 times as long as POL. Eye in lateral view clearly twice as high as wide, temple beyond eye one-third (1.4 times) wider than eye and ventrally somewhat narrowing (Fig. 3). Malar space 1.5 times as long as basal width of mandible. Face clearly twice as wide as high, inner margin of eyes parallel. Clypeus 1.7 times as wide below as high medially, its median lower margin truncate (Fig. 4) [P3]. ♂: Roundly narrowed behind eyes, twice as broad as long, in frontal view 1.2 times as broad as high, about as wide as mesosoma or little wider. Ocellar triangle shorter than OOL. POL 3 times longer than Od. Temples almost as long as transverse eye diameter (11:12). In frontal view eye 2.3 times as high as broad, twice as long as malar space. Face about twice as broad as high and 1.7 as broad as transversal diameter of eye, twice higher than clypeus. Maxillary palpi as long as height of face. ♀ Ocelli smaller, ocellar triangle as long as OOL. POL 4 times longer than Od. [TL][T14]. The head is transverse, sometimes almost cubic [Te1]. Head transverso-cubical, not contracted behind the eyes, cheeks subdilated [M].

sculptureHead finely striate (Fig. 2), clypeus uneven and shiny [P3]. Head finely pointed. Face fine and densely punctate with some longitudinal sculpture about eyes. Frons and temple finely longitudinally striate, vertex partially finely transversely striate. Clypeus finely punctate, weakly shining [TL]. Head finely aciculated, striolated on the cheeks and orbits, frontal fovea not shining [M]. Vertex behind ocelli very mildly transversely striate [T4]. Clypeus densely punctate. gena and temple striated [Te1].

colorPalpi brown [P3][TL]. Palpi black [M].

antenna

shape ♀Antenna somewhat longer than head + mesosoma combined and with 16 antennomeres. Scape 2.1 times as long as broad medially (Fig. 1), third segment three times and penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as broad, flagellum gradually attenuating [P3]. Antennae with 16 segments, as long as head and mesosoma combined, apical segments 1.5 times as long as wide [TL].

shape ♂Antennae shorter than body, with 18 segments [R2]. Antennae with 23 segments, shorter than body, reaching to about middle of carapace. Scape widened, about twice as wide as flagellum, twice as long as wide; third segment 3 times as long as wide, apical segments 1.5 - 2 times as long as wide [TL][T14]. Antennae with 20 segments [M]. Antennae 19-21-segmented [T4][T14, magnifissus]. Antennae 18-25-segmented, bristly-shaped [Te1].

colorAntenna black with very weak brownish tint [P3]. Scape dark-brownish [TL].

mesosoma

shapeMesosoma in lateral view 1.5 times as long as high. Transverse carina of propodeum medially with a pair of denticules, laterally ending in a tubercule [P3]. 1.3 times as long as high. Propodeum with well-developed transverse carina and lateral tubercles [TL][T14]. Propodeum acutely bidenticulate at the hind angles, and obtusely on each side of the base [M]. Propodeum with two longitudinal carinas ending at transverse carina (looking like two small teeth) [TL]. Propodeum with 4 teeth, of which 2 are medium-small [Te1].

sculptureMesonotum punctate-rugose, scutellum rugose, somewhat shining [R2]. Mesosoma areolate-rugose, mesoscutum behind with longitudinal striate elements, scutellum also striate [P3]. Mesonotum at front densely punctate, pre-scutellar depression strongly sculptured and area before it with longitudinal rugosity. Sides of mesonotum roughly punctate. Scutellum distinctly undulate sculptured. Propodeum areolate-rugulose with longitudinal elements [TL]. Mesonotum punctulato-rugulose, coarsely reticulated just before the scutellum, which is rugose. Propodeum reticulate [M]. Mesosoma quite coarsely rugose-punctate [T4]. Mesonotum and scutellum rugose [Te1]. The propodeum is coarsely reticulate-rugose [Te1].

color

legs

shape♀ Hind femur 2.9 times as long as broad medially (Fig. 5). Inner spur of hind tibia shorter than half basitarsus, hind basitarsus as long as tarsomeres 2-4 combined [P3]. ♀ Hind femur 3 times as long as broad. Outer spur of hind tibiae longer than inner, almost reaching 1/2 of 1st metatarsal segment; 5Ih segment as long as third one, 1.3 times longer than 4th and 1.2 times shorter than 2nd. ♂ Hind femur 4 times as long as broad. Outer and inner spurs of hind tibiae equal, reaching 1/2 of 1st metatarsal segment, 5th segment as long as 4th, 1.5 times shorter as 2nd [TL]

sculpture

colorTip of fore femora, and fore tibiae yellow-brown [R2]. Legs black with light colour pattern. Apex of fore and middle femora and entire fore tibia yellow; middle tibia yellowish, dorso-distally brownish; hind tibia dark brown with a yellow ring. Tarsi yellowish with brownish suffusion [P3]. Coxae dark-brown; fore femora dark-brown with yellow apex, tibiae yellowish, tarsi yellowish with brown apex; hind femora dark-brown, tibiae brown with dark third part, tarsi brown-yellowish with darker apex [TL]. Fore tibiae and tips of the fore femora yellow-brown; or all the tibiae like the tarsi, dark [M]. ♂ Hind tibiae brown [T14].

wings

shapeFore wing shorter than body. Pterostigma (Fig. 6) 2.35 times as long as wide and issuing r somewhat distally from its middle, r curved and as long as 3-SR, SRI straight; 1-R1 somewhat shorter than length of pterostigma [P3].1-R1 as long as length of pterostigma. Cell M 1.5 times greater than Sm2. 3-SR 1.2 as long as r, 3.5 times shorter than SRI. 1-CU1 equal to (♂) or shorter than (♀) cu-a [TL]. Radius of hind wings straight except a slight basal curve. wings 7 - 11mm. [M]. SR1 straight, the radial vein of the hind wing is slightly curved [Te1].

colorWings subhyaline, pterostigma dark brown, basal veins yellow, otherwise veins brown. Tegula dark brown [P3]. Wings infuscate. Pterostigma and veins brown [TL]. Tegula black [M].

metasoma

shape♀ Metasoma obovate-subcylindrical [R2]. Carapace in dorsal view (Fig. 7) 1.8 times as long as broad behind, moderately broadening posteriorly. Carapace in lateral view 2.6 times as long as high behind, apically truncate (Fig. 9). Ventral aperture of carapace slightly shorter than carapace itself, i.e. carapace apically slightly incurved (Fig. 8, see arrow) [P3]. ♀ Carapace oval, incurved on 0.25 height of apex, 1.7 times as long as maximal broad. In lateral view enlarged posteriorly, twice as high posteriorly as anteriorly. ♂ Carapace elongate-oviform, about twice as long as maximal broad, incurved on 0.3 posterior height. In lateral view enlarged posteriorly, 2.5 times as high posteriorly as anteriorly [TL]. Metasoma longer than the head and mesosoma, somewhat wider behind [M]. ♂♀ Metasoma 1.8–1.9 times as long as wide [T14, magnifissus]. ♂ Metasoma elongate-oval, twice as long as wide [T14].

sculptureLongitudinally rugose, apex rugulose-punctate [R2]. longitudinally striated, posteriorly rugose [P3]. Carapace strongly longitudinally rugulose with uniform-rectilinear undulations reaching its apex [TL]. Striato-rugose, the rugosity becoming gradually finer to the rounded aciculated apex [M]. Metasoma with coarse longitudinal rugae on basal half [T4]. Metasoma with sharp longitudinal rugae in the basal half [Te1].

colorMetasoma immaculate [M].

♀ ovipositorOvipositor sheath short, concealed [P3][TL].

♂ apertureAperture chink-formed and arcuated, 0.8 times as broad as carapace; in back view about 0.3 height and in lateral view about 0.25 length of carapace [TL]. Ten times broader than long, extending to some distance along the sides of the metasoma, its margins very smooth and shining [M]. Aperture occupies one third of the lateral surface of the metasoma [T14]. Apical aperture occupies almost half of the lateral surface of the metasomal carapace [T14, magnifissus]. The aperture is very large, reaching the middle of the abdomen [Te1].

other info

distributionDE, CZ, GB, NL [FE].

remarks

hostsBiorrhiza pallida Ol. [Te1].

figures

fig. 1: ♀ scape (Papp 2004)	fig. 2: ♀head in dorsal view with indication of its sculpture (Papp 2004)	fig. 3: ♀ head in lateral view (Papp 2004)
fig. 4: ♀ clypeus (Papp 2004)	fig. 5: ♀ hind femur (Papp 2004)	fig. 6: ♀ distal part of right fore wing (Papp 2004)
fig. 7: ♀ carapace in dorsal view with indication of its sculpture (Papp 2004)	fig. 8: ♀ carapace in ventral view (Papp 2004)	fig. 9: ♀ carapace in lateral view (Papp 2004)
fig. 10: clypeus (Papp 2004)	fig. 11: distal part of right fore wing (Papp 2004)	fig. 12: female carapace in lateral view (Papp 2004)
fig. 13: male carapace in dorsal view with indication of its sculpture (Papp 2004)	fig. 14: male carapace in lateral view (Papp 2004)	fig. 15: male carapace in lateral view (Papp 2004)
fig. 16: apical end of male carapace in ventral view (Papp 2004)	fig. 17: ♂ head in dorsal view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 18: ♂ carapace in dorsal view (with sculpture) (Tobias & Lozan 2003)
fig. 19: ♂ carapace in lateral view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 20: ♂ carapace, posterior end (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 21: ♂ part of fore wing (Tobias & Lozan 2003)
fig. 22: ♂ variety (small body): carapace in dorsal view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 23: ♂ variety (small body): carapace in lateral view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 24: ♂ variety (small body): carapace, posterior end (Tobias & Lozan 2003)
fig. 25: ♀ head in dorsal view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 26: ♀ carapace in dorsal view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)	fig. 27: ♀ carapace in lateral view (Tobias & Lozan 2003)
fig. 28: ♂ metasoma, lateral view (Tobias 1986)	fig. 29: ♂ metasoma, lateral view (Telenga 1941)

references

code	reference	type of info	named as
H2	Hellen 1958	dk♂
M	Marshall 1885	k
P3	Papp 2004	Rk8f
R2	Reinhard 1867	T
S1	Szepligeti 1908	k
S4	Szepligeti 1898	k
Te1	Telenga 1941	dk
T14	Tobias 2010	dk	risorius / magnifissus
T4	Tobias 1986	kf
TL	Tobias & Lozan 2003	dkf
FE	van Achterberg 2021	Fauna Europaea
legend:	Type description \| Redescription \| description \| in key \| comment \| nom. nov. \| figure(s) \| photo(s)

links

Fauna Europaea

photos

type description

Reinhard 1867

Ch. risorius ♂. Long. corp. 2 1/2 lin. - Niger, femoribus anticis apice, tibiisque iisdem testaceis. - Antennae corpore breviores, 18-articulatae. Mesonotum punctato-rugosum, opacum, scutellum rugosum, parum nitidum. metasoma obovato-subcylindricum, longitudinaliter rugosum, apice intricatim rugoso-punctatum, fovea marginata, latitudine fere decies breviore, ad latera usque abdominis protracta impressum, apiculo e fundo prominente.

1 ♂. — Durch die geringe Fühlergliederzahl, sowie durch die breite Aftergrube, welche sich vom Hinterende noch bis ein Drittel der Hinterleibslänge an den Seiten herauf erstreckt, leicht kenntlich.

Sollten.die Weibehen dieser beiden Arten auch, wie der der drei erstgenannten nur 16 Fühlerglieder haben, so könnte recht wohl der Chel. erosus H.-Sch (F. Germ. 153, 9.) das ♀ von Ch. nitens, und Chel. subemarginatus H.-Sch. (ib.) das ♀ von Ch. risorius sein, da Farben, Sculptur und Körpergrössse sehr gut übereinstimmen.

Es würde selbst dann die generische Trennung dieser Gruppe von Chelonus gerechtfertigt sein, und die Aftergrube der ♂, die nur 16-gliedrigen Fühler der ♀ die Gattungsmerkmale zur Unterscheidung von Chelonus bilden.

Data used in the multi-access key

These data are collected from the species descriptions and redescriptions, from published figures and photographs and from own measureements and observations. For a description of the different variables and value classes see this pdf.

morphology
basic information	female	male
body length (mm):	(3.3) 3.3 - 4.2 (5)	(3.3) 3.3 - 4.2 (5)
number of antennal segments:	16	(18) 18 - 23 (25)
head, dorsal view
Head width : length	wide	wide
Temples narrowing - widening	parallel	parallel
Eye length : temple length	0.75 - 1.0	0.75 - 1.0
Roundness temple	strong, medium	strong, medium
POL : OD	2 - 3, 3 - 4, > 4	2 - 3, 3 - 4, > 4
Ocellar triangle shape	very narrow, narrow	very narrow, narrow
Excavation of head	15 - 25%	15 - 25%
head, lateral view
Head height : length	very short	very short
Eye height : length	short, long	short, long
Temple length : eye length	long, very long	long, very long
head, frontal view
Head width : height	very narrow, narrow	very narrow, narrow
Face width : height	wide	wide
Eyes converging ventrally	about parallel	about parallel
EH : MSL	short	short
Clypeus width : height	semicircular, transverse	semicircular, transverse
Clypeus extending above bottom of eyes	---	---
Tentorial pits	---	---
Shape of lower margin clypeus	truncate	truncate
antennae
Antennal shape	filiform, not widened	filiform, not widened
Segment 3 length : width	medium	medium
Penultimate segment length : width	medium	medium, long
Length of antenna : length of body	2: short	3: long
mesosoma, lateral view
Length : height	short, medium	short, medium
transverse carina	well developed	well developed
lateral teeth	present	present
mesosoma, ventral view
Prepectal carina lamelliform	indistinct	indistinct
legs
Hind femur length : width ratio	short, medium, long	short, medium, long
Hind tibia length : hind tarsus length ratio	---	---
Hind tibia (longest) spur length : metatars length ratio	short, long	short, long
wings
Vein 1-R1 length : pterostigma length	long	long
Vein r length : vein 3-SR length	short	short
Shape vein SR1 (straight / concave / convex)	straight or S-shaped	straight or S-shaped
S-shape vein SR1	not S-shaped	not S-shaped
cell M : cell Sm2	Sm2 large, Sm2 medium	Sm2 large, Sm2 medium
Pterostigma length : width ratio	short, medium	short, medium
Angle between radial vein (r) : vein 1-R1	sharp, medium	sharp, medium
metasoma, dorsal view
Length : width ratio of metasoma	short, medium	short, medium
Shape of metasoma	widest towards apex, tapering to base	widest towards apex, tapering to base
metasoma, lateral view
Length : height ratio of metasoma	short, medium	short, medium
posterior : anterior height ratio of metasoma	medium, large	medium, large
Position of maximum height	medium-posterior, posterior	medium-posterior, posterior
metasoma, ventral view
Metasoma posteriorly curved forwards	just/slightly incurved	just/slightly incurved
male apical aperture
Aperture width : metasoma width	no aperture	large
Aperture shape	n. a.	elongate - slit
Median process shape	n. a.	horizontal, nearly round, horizontal oval
sculpture
head
general coarseness	fine	fine
clypeus
coarseness punctation	smooth to uneven, punctulate, punctate	smooth to uneven, punctulate, punctate
density punctation	---	---
face
sculpture type	rugose, reticulate, punctate	rugose, reticulate, punctate
sculpture direction	transverse-longitudinal	transverse-longitudinal
vertex and temple
sculpture type	striate (striolate)	striate (striolate)
mesonotum
sculpture type	notauli slightly distinct	notauli slightly distinct
scutellum
middle	rugose / striate	rugose / striate
lateral	rugose / striate	rugose / striate
metasoma
base - mid sculpture	striate-rugose, longitudinally rugose / rugose-striate	striate-rugose, longitudinally rugose / rugose-striate
sculpture at apex	rugose, rugulose	rugose, rugulose
coarse / fine boundary	mid (50 - 70%)	mid (50 - 70%)
color
head
mandibles color pattern	---	---
palpi, lightest color	black, dark brown, brown, red	black, dark brown, brown, red
antennae
scapus, lightest color	black, dark brown	black, dark brown
segment 3 and 4, lightest color	black, dark brown	black, dark brown
legs
fore coxae lightest colour	dark	dark
fore femur lightest colour	medium light, light	medium light, light
fore femur color pattern	tip light	tip light
hind femur lightest colour	dark	dark
hind femur color pattern	entirely dark	entirely dark
hind tibia lightest colour	light	medium dark, light
hind tibia color pattern	narrow light ring, wide light ring, wide light base	entirely dark, narrow light ring, wide light ring, wide light base
hind basitarsus lightest colour	medium light	medium light
hind tarsus segment 2-3 lightest colour	medium dark	medium dark
wings
middle veins lightest colour	medium dark	medium dark
basal veins lightest colour	light	light
metasoma
metasoma colour pattern	entirely dark	entirely dark
metasoma lightest colour	dark	dark
metasoma base, colour pattern	entirely dark	entirely dark
metasoma base, light spots	n.a.	n.a.
metasoma base, light band	n.a.	n.a.

Chelonus risorius in published keys

T4: Tobias, 1986

Key to the Insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume III. Hymenoptera. Part four. Chapter 16

P3: Papp 2004

A revision of Szépligeti's Microchelonus species described from Hungary (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae).

TL: Tobias & Lozan 2003

Central-European species of Microchelonus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with very big apical metasomal aperture of males.

M: Marshall, 1885

Monograph of British Braconidae. Part 1

T14: Tobias, 2010

Palearctic species of Microchelonus Szépligeti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Cheloninae): key to species.